Cleft palate and cleft lip

Cleft palate 

Etiology 

     Hereditary or environmental factor.

Pathogenesis 

     Failure of fusion between the two palatal shelves.

Types 

     1.  Cleft soft palate. 

    2.   Cleft soft and hard palate. 

    3.   Complete   unilateral   cleft   extending  from   the uvula  to   the  incisive  foramen  in   the   midline 

        then deviating to one side meeting the alveolar process in the area of the lateral incisor and 

        then into the lip. 

              Upper lateral incisor may be absent, may develop medial to or lateral to the cleft or 

                 may be doubled (supernumerary tooth). 

    4.   Complete bilateral cleft involving the soft and hard palate and extending forwards bilaterally 

         from the incisive foramen to the alveolus and lip. 

              The premaxilla and prolabium  (median portion of the lip) remain  suspended from 

                 the nasal septum

.

Cleft lip 

    Etiology 

         Hereditary or environmental factor.


    Pathogenesis 

         Failure of fusion between the medial nasal process and maxillary process.

Types Clinically

    Incomplete cleft : a small notch in the vermilion border (unilaterally or bilaterally).

    Complete cleft :  extending from lower border of the lip to the floor of the nose (unilaterally or

    bilaterally).
   

Oblique facial cleft 

         Oblique facial cleft extends from the upper lip to the inner canthus of the eye. 

         It occurs unilaterally.

Pathogenesis 

     Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal process with the maxillary process.

 Lateral facial cleft 

     This cleft extends from the angle of the mouth to the ear.

     May be unilateral or bilateral.

Pathogenesis 

     Failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes resulting in macrostomia